English

Cuban Missile Crisis

Its  not hard to imagine a world where at any given moment, you and everyone you know could be wiped out without warning, at the push of a button. This was the reality for millions of people during the 45 year period after the ww2, now known as the cold war.

As the United state and the soviet union faced of across the globe, each knew that the other had nuclear weapons capable of destroying it. And disturction never loomed closer than during the 13 daysof the Cuban Missile Crisis. In 1961 the US unsuccessfully tried to overthrow cubas new comuniost government. That failed attempt was known as the Bay of Pigs. And it convinced Cuba to seek help from the USSR.

Soviet Premier Nikita  Khruschev was happy to comply, by secretly deploying nuclear missiles to cuba. Not only to protect the island, but to contract the us missiles in Italy and in turckey. By the time the US inteleggence discovered the plan the materials to create the missiles were already in place.

At an emergency meering at October 16 , 1962 militiary advisers urged an airstike missile sights, and  invasion of the island. But president John F Kennedy chose a more careful approach. ON October 22 he announced that the us navy would intercept all shipment to cuba, There was just one problem, a naval blockade was considered an act of war. Altough the president called it a Quarantin  , that did not block basic nececities, the soviets didn’t apreciete the distinction. IN an outraged letter to Kennedy Khrushchev wrote the violation of freedom to use the international waters and international airspace is an act of aggression which pushes mankind toward the Abyss of world nuclear missile war. After that ensude the most intense 6 days of the cold war. While the US demanded the removal of the Missiles, Cuba and the USSR insisted that were only defensive. And as the weapons continued to be armed, The US prepared for possible invasion. ON October 27 1962 a spy plane pilotated by major Rudolf Anderson was shot down by a Soviet missile, The same day a nuclear- armed soviet submarine was hit by a small-depth charge from u US navy vessel trying to signal it to come up. The commanders on the sub too deep to communicate whit the surface, thought war had begun and prepared to launch a nuclear torpedo. That decision had to be made unanimously by three officers.

The captiain and political officer both authorized the launch,but Vasili Arkhipov second in command, refused, his decision saved the day and perhaps the world.  But the crises was nt over for the first time the US military set itself to defcon 2, the defence readiness one step away from nuclear war. With hundreds of nuclear missiles ready to launch, but diplomacy carried on. In Washington DC attorney General Robert kennedy,  secretly met whit Soviet Ambassador Anatoly Dobryin, After intense negotiation, they reached the following proposal. The US would remove their missiles from turckey and Italy and promice to never invade cuba in exchangefor the Soviet to whithdray from cuba under UN inspection. Once the meeting had concluded, Dobryinin cabled Moscow saying time is of the essence and we shouldn’t miss the chance. And  at 9 am the next day , a messenger arrived from Khrushchev  anouncning th e Soviet missiloie would be removed from cuba.  The crises was now over. While criticizes at the tume by their respective governmetns for  barfaining with the enemy,  contemporary historicl analysis shows great admiration for Kennedys and Khrushchevs ability to diplomatically solve the crisis. But the disturbing lesson was that a slight communication erroror split=second decision by commander coul have thwarted all their efforts, as it nearly did if not for Vasili Arkhipovs courageous choice. The Cuban missile Crisis revealed just how fragile human politics are compared to the terrifying power they can unleash. 

Motivation

Every action we take, wanted or unwanted, it’s followed by an amount of motivation. But what is this motivation, that determines us to do the  stuff?  Well in dictionaries Motivation is described as A reason or reasons for acting or behaving in a particular way, Desire or willingness to do something; enthusiasm. Well, that does cover the word, however, because all of us are different and unique our motivations are as well as different. Everyone has different motivations, the different ways of getting motivation, but for everyone, there is a motivation to do something. For me, Motivation isn’t something that’s hard to find. I get excited to do everything. It’s not a problem. The main problem for me is keeping the motivation.  So today I am going to talk about "How to keep your motivation going!"

First, you need to  Remind yourself of your goals. This way you won't forget about your goal and how much you want it.  Usually, before devoting time to any specific attempt, we tend to make short- and long-term goals. Remember to keep your goals realistic, that way you won't be saddened if you don't reach them. That doesn't mean you can't push and challenge yourself though, if you don't challenge yourself, then it's not really a goal. If you start to lose sight of your goals, then you may be less motivated than if you were always checking to see how much closer you are getting throughout the whole process. Keeping track of your goals and checking your progress can help keep you motivated day in and day out.

Make weekly checkpoints to track your progress. Everyone needs to see how they are keeping up with their goals if they want to stay motivated. If you see that you are on track or even,  you will be motivated and happy that you are getting there. If you see that you are lagging on your goals, it may be the kick start you need to help get you back on track.

Don't be too hard on yourself.  Every goal has a success and failure, the important thing is to continue after the failure to reach success. Everyone has their ups and downs, it’s okay to fail you just have reminded yourself of your goal to keep the motivation.

I also think that giving yourself Breaks is also important. When you get overwhelmed it is more likely you will lose your motivation, therefore, you won't reach your goal.

My last advice is when you feel like you are losing your motivation always try to watch or read motivational speeches or stories. Everyone deserves a great pep talk every once in a while. I often feel like this so I can assure you, it always helps to have a little help.

George Orwell "Why I Write" summary

George Orwell "Why I Write" summary 


George Orwell "Why I Write" shows the primary purposes of a writer to write. Starting from his childhood, he demonstrates the idea of diving into background information to understand writers motives. From his childhood, Orwell was introvert; however, he had the ambition of becoming a writer. He believes that to analyze writers motives, one should know some portion of the writer's early development. Orwell believes there are four primary purposes for writing and the fluctuation of each purposes' proportion varies writers. The first purpose is "Sheer egoism." The writer's goal of being remembered after death by targeting bullet ideas. The second is "Aesthetic enthusiasm." In other words, the usage of external words, which perfectly feet the context. The third is "Historical impulse," which stands for presenting everything in its identical view due to save facts for the future generations. The last one is "Political purpose," which follows the target of having an impulse on society by ideas. Moreover, Orwell shows his wish of transforming political writing into an art. He wants this in order to explore the lie and make it public, having the initial concern of being heard. However, he implies that he could not realize his wish as he has aesthetic enthusiasm. So, politicians will consider this as irrelevant, and he will not abandon his pattern of writing. Orwell shows problems raised by importing his aesthetic enthusiasm in political writing. The problems were the questions such as "Why did you put in all that stuff?", as indeed he was making good book journalism. 

Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice [summary]

Project: The best time of reading

Jane Austen: Pride and Prejudice [summary]

Five daughters of a country gentleman who married for beauty and lived to regret it, are enticed by their foolish mother's announcement of two eligible bachelors in the neighborhood who are newly come down from London. The meetings between the five daughters and these two, as well as other eligible bachelors, at balls result in hoped for love for one sister, disdain and infatuation and irritation from three separate bachelors for another sister, a dangerous elopement for a third sister, and nothing much more than scoldings for the other two sisters.

In all, the novel is about how Elizabeth and Jane seek and find love without compromising their dignity, and with the full intention of marrying for love and not for financial gain. The attitude of Mrs. Bennet and her husband, and that of the other characters color the novel with comedy since they represent the typical characters of aristocratic and country upbringings that are mocked through the story.

Jane hopes for marriage with Mr. Bingley but her evenly bestowed smiles lead Darcy to...

Distance learning #3 [Exercises]

Distance learning #3 [Exercises] 

1. Some/any/no

1. Have you got __ English friends?

•  some
•  any
•  no

2. No, I haven’t got __ English friends.

•  no
•  some
•  any

3. But I have __ English penfriends.

• some
•  any
•   no

4. He has __ friends at all.

•  some
•  any
•  no

5. She has __ best friend. They spend all their time together.

•  some
•  no
•  a

6. Would you like __ more orange juice?

•  some
•  a
•  no

7. I have hardly __ money left.

•  some
•  any
•  no

8. I never have __ luck with the lottery.

•  some
•  any
• a

9. Have you got __ money?

•  any
•  a
•  no

10. Yes, I’ve got __

•  any
•  some
•  a

11. Have you got __ water?

•  any
•  a
• no

12. No, I haven’t got __

•  some
•  any
•  a

13. I want to find __one to love.

•  some
•  any
• no

14. I think I’ve got __thing in my eye. Can you have a look, please?

•  some
•  any
•  no

15. I’ll live __where in London. It doesn’t matter to me.

•  some
•  any
•  no

16. There’s __body in the classroom at the moment. It’s empty.

•  some
•  any
•  no

17. Are you looking for __thing in particular? (In a shop)

• any
•  no
•  a

18. No, I’m not looking for __, thanks.

•  anything
•  any
•  something

2. Match the clauses to make logical sentences.

1. 1.The proportion of imported goods- d
2. Due to economic integration- e
3. Importing core consumer goods may — a
4. If a country is highly integrated- b
5. Economic integration accelerates the economic- f
6. Sometimes buying goods abroad- c

• a.weaken local economies
• b.into the global economy,it may lead to its political dependency.
• c. can reduce costs.
• d. is increasing constantly.
• e. we have much more variety in our consumer goods.
• f. development of most countries.

3. Completethe sentences with: late, later, latest, last, latter, lately

Remember:

• later refers to time, E.g. I’ll see you later.
• latter is the last mentioned option, E.g. Gulliver much prefers the Houyhnhnms» company to the Yahoos», even though the latter are biologically closer to him.
• last= final, E.g. last news
• latest=the most recent, E.g. latest news
• lately= not long agoo, E.g. I have been very busy lately.

1. Ruben did his best to win. Unfortunately, he finished last.
2. Do you know that Ann is in her late fifties?
3. Have you read J. Swift’s  latest  book?
4. Ann and Ruben both are hardworking pupils, but the latter is more active at home.
5. Every Armenian wants a car of  latest  fashion.
6. I couldn’t understand the last line of that poem.
7. You are always  late  for office.
8. Alex has been reading a lot of books lately  .
9. I haven’t sen Aram lately. When did you see him latest ?
10. Come on. Dinner is ready. You can do it later .

4. Choose the proper option.

The person ___________ rang the doorbell was wearing a red coat.

1) who              2)which             3)whose                4)  whom

The patient __________ husband was complaining was very pale.

1) whom            2) whose            3)where              4) that

She pointed to a black car __________ was parked next to hers.

1)   who             2)which/that      3)where           4) whom

Tell me __________ you are looking for and I’ll try to help you.

       1)  who                   2)whom              3)whose           4)that

Over there is the park __________ the picnic was organised last year.

     1) which                2)that                   3)where               4)whose

There several coats here. ___________ one is yours?

   1) who                2)which               3)whose                4)where

____________ umbrella is this? Mine is blue.

1)  who              2) whom                  3)whose                 4) which

You say you called yesterday. To __________ did you speak?

1) who           2) whom                  3) whose                 4)which

We’re going to meet at the hotel __________ the conference is being held.

1) that             2)  where                 3)which                   4)who

I need to know the number of people __________ are going to attend.

1)  who/that           2) who                 3)  whose             4) which 

 Bodell: Why simple wins [Summary]

Lisa Bodell: Why simple wins [Summary] 

You can cultivate the skill of simplification.

Multitasking, inefficiency and unnecessary tasks seem to be part of the new norm. You recognize the signs: reading through emails while on a conference call, finalizing a report from home, adjusting your schedule to respond to a colleague abroad or spending time on a live chat to resolve a mistake on a bill. These are manifestations of complexity, which creates a frustrating sense of ineffectiveness. Complexity can sap your energy, leading you to work hard while feeling as if nothing positive comes of your efforts.

Simplification tactics help build effective plans. “The Simplicity Toolkit” provides resources for evaluating rules (whether internal or client-facing), business tactics across varied project areas, time-devouring tasks, and more. The right resources and evaluations alleviate complexity organizationwide. Organizations can begin a simplification plan by identifying three or more areas that demand simplification, identifying actionable tactics for those business areas, and working as a group to discuss how the tactics align with desired outcomes.

Chaplin's final speech in the Great Dictator [Summary]

Chaplin's final speech in the Great Dictator [Summary] 

Chaplin's speech at the end, which is very much HIS speech even though he's playing a character, is a piece of cinema I will never forget. Such a powerful, moving and compelling speech that remains relevant even today.

Making a comedy out of such a tragedy is a risky business, but Chaplin's anti-fascist message ensured it wasn't taken the wrong way. 'The Great Dictator' is a hilarious but meaningful and powerful film. A brilliant piece of cinema.